This is the second week of Ukraine’s offensive into Kursk Oblast. I’d like to say the overall purpose is clearer now, but I’d be lying. The one thing I think we can rule out is a smash-and-grab raid. To date, Ukraine’s Western allies have been muted about the operation. I think that the Biden national security team still has a case of the squirts and would object if they thought the Ukrainians would keep quiet and do as they’re told.
Ukraine continues to push top-quality troops into the theater while Russia is relying on conscripts and border troops with some Russian Army formations to stem the tide.
This is my previous update: Russia Invaded, Week 1. The State of Play.
CURRENT SITUATION
Ukrainian Commander-in-Chief Colonel General Oleksandr Syrskyi displayed a map depicting the situation in Kursk Oblast on August 20, and ISW will use the boundaries of this map to update its assessment of maximalist claimed limits of Ukrainian advances in Kursk Oblast, consistent… https://t.co/aZkRGfVMkO pic.twitter.com/KB3hsBzWPf
— Institute for the Study of War (@TheStudyofWar) August 21, 2024
According to Syrskyi, Ukriane has advanced about 20 miles into Russia, it controls about 500 square miles of territory and has occupied 93 towns and villages.
This animation shows the known front line since the invasion began.
Ukraine Invasion of Russia
Kursk Attack – Every Hour [August 6-22] 💪 pic.twitter.com/JlX3GSbV7U— ajit golatkar (@ajit4g) August 23, 2024
The Russian commander is General Aleksandr Lapin. Lapin was fired for incompetence after presiding over a disastrous attempted crossing of the Siverskyi Donets River in May 2022; see Russia Suspends Most Offensive Operations in Reaction to Ukraine’s Surprising Counteroffensive. He also had his ass handed to him by Russian defectors invading Belgorod; see Russia Evacuates Nuclear Weapons Stockpile as ‘Dissident’ Invasion of Russia Continues. The problem of recycling failed commanders still haunts both sides, though arguably, the Ukrainians are trying to come to grips with it.
Russian units are digging, and the location of those fortifications hints at how much ground the Russians are prepared to give up.
Russian fortifications :
Rusian army found men to dig new fortifications near the road Kursk-Rylsk. The main defenses are being built on this road near Lgov and Kourchatov, where the Kursk NPP is located.
At the same time, Russian army is reinforcing Rylsk direction. pic.twitter.com/rsiJW0dSPx
— Clément Molin (@clement_molin) August 20, 2024
The White House is still expressing befuddlement.
🇺🇲🇺🇦🇷🇺 “We are trying to understand more on how [the Kursk Operation] fits into [Ukraine’s] strategic objectives.”
They have been saying this for 2 weeks now. Absolutely ridiculous talking point. https://t.co/j1WkEUu8yy
— Colby Badhwar 🇨🇦🇬🇧 (@ColbyBadhwar) August 22, 2024
OBJECTIvES
Australian General Mick Ryan does a solid job of examining the situation. He sees the objective as a political one.
The first Ukrainian objective is political. Zelenskyy has described how “we’ve already expanded and will continue to expand the circle of those who support a just end to this war. It’s essential that Ukraine enters this fall even stronger than before.” Ukraine must be stronger as the year tapers off into Winter & it must also be seen as such by its supporters and those who support Russia.
Another element of this political objective is to pierce the Russian bluffing about escalation. #Ukraine has demonstrated, again, that the various red lines projected by the Russian president are nothing but a chimera designed to reinforce Western political timidity about decision-making on the war, and shape Western decisions about provision of weapons.
The creation of a buffer zone is another objective described by Zelenskyy. This appropriates Russian language, which the Russian president used to justify its invasion of #Kharkiv oblast earlier this year. But it is throwing down a gauntlet to the Russians by stating that Ukraine intends to hold at least some of the territory it has seized in #Kursk, and that this will be an ongoing military and political problem for Russia.
Finally, Zelenskyy mentions the Kursk operation being part of a larger effort to destroy Russia’s war-making capacity. While this includes the full range of military operations across #Ukraine, as well as its strikes on strategic energy and military targets in Russia, #Kursk is designed by the Ukrainians to lure the Russians into a fight that they were not expecting on their own territory.
I think Ryan misses one objective: the possibility that the Kursk offensive is designed to draw Russian forces from Donbas and open up the possibility of a Ukrainian offensive in the direction of Occupied Kherson.
As he sees it, the Russians are approaching crunch time to decide how to handle the invasion. It can 1) continue to focus on Donbas, where it is gaining small amounts of ground, 2) reduce the OPTEMPO in Donbas and divert some troops to Kursk, 3) focus on expelling Ukrainian forces from Russia, or 4) equally resource both Donbas and Kursk operations. It could be that Putin has elected to take what’s behind Door #3. Multiple sources are reporting that Putin has ordered Ukraine expelled from Kursk by October 1 and, as I noted in my last update, he has put the head of the FSB in charge of making that happen. I’m not seeing anything that would lead me to believe that such a directive has been given.
Read the whole thread.
Ukrainian objectives for the #Kursk operation have gained some recent clarity with statements by the Ukrainian President, as well as other Ukrainian officials. What are these objectives, and what are the Russian options to respond to the Ukrainian Kursk campaign? 1/24 🧵🇺🇦 pic.twitter.com/zKSZzef12y
— Mick Ryan, AM (@WarintheFuture) August 19, 2024
The only thing that concerns me about that analysis is that the effort is too diffuse. So long as Ukraine can’t use ATACMS, Storm Shadow, SCALP-EG, or F-16s to carry out deep strikes because of Western limitations, you can’t get there from here.
Foreign Policy thinks this is a ploy to gain negotiating power.
Not only has Ukraine lacked negotiation leverage, but Russia has also been successful in promoting, to audiences around the world, its land-for-peace approach to ending this round of the war. As Ukrainian counteroffensives after 2022 largely failed and the Russian war machine slowly but steadily took more territory in Ukraine’s east, another Minsk-type deal limiting Ukrainian territorial integrity and political sovereignty seemed to loom on the horizon.
Kyiv has not only changed the military narrative on the ground but may also be trying to change the narrative on negotiations—from a “land for peace” deal to a “land for land” deal. This puts Putin in a bind: Loss of control over parts of Russia proper is an enormous embarrassment for the Kremlin. But since their illegal annexation by Russia, the Ukrainian territories Putin seeks to keep are also part of the state territory he is obliged to defend. That said, in terms of Russian elite and popular perception, the restoration of Russia’s legitimate state territory will take precedence over continued occupation of recently conquered domains—especially if a land swap opens an avenue to the end of Western sanctions.
In a way, the new Ukrainian strategy may provide an opening for doves in the Russian leadership—assuming they exist and have any influence over Putin—to argue that the annexations should be reversed in order to restore Russia’s territorial integrity. As long as Ukraine can hold on to its captured territories in Russia, there will a strong pressure on Putin to return them under Moscow’s control.
Color me skeptical. We’re not seeing any urgency on the part of Russia to respond to the Ukrainian offensive, and Putin has boxed himself in so that anything less than Ukrainian capitulation will be a loss for Russia.
And there is this intriguing snippet.
Russian regime TG channels report that the Russian border checkpoint of Tetkino has been wiped out by HIMARS missiles. They are not disclosing the extent of the damage or casualties.
Overall, it is obvious that Ukrainian forces are softening up the Russian lines in the Glushkovo… pic.twitter.com/FHfyotiq9h
— (((Tendar))) (@Tendar) August 18, 2024
Was this border checkpoint annoying or a target of opportunity? Or is the front about to expand again?
I’m still seeing this as a very opaque operation where, as was the popular saying on night convoy operations in the Army, “I don’t know where we are but we’re making good time.”
COMBAT OPERATIONS
All the bridges across the Seym River have been destroyed on made impassable to vehicular traffic. This has created a pocket (brownish area) where a reported 3,000 Russian troops have their back to the river and Ukrainian forces on three sides.
❗️🇺🇦🇷🇺 According to Russian MilBlogger Romanov, Ukraine has destroyed the third and last bridge over the River Seym.
Though at least the 2nd bridge remains passable on foot and possibly light vehicles, movement of heavy vehicles will be impeded. This is a bad blow to Russian… pic.twitter.com/98qdGQhfEt
— Colby Badhwar 🇨🇦🇬🇧 (@ColbyBadhwar) August 19, 2024
It’s official: the Seym River Bridge at Glushkovo has been destroyed
The bridge is between Rylsk and Tetkino, connecting the main Russian GLOC between the logistic hub in Rylsk and the defensive node of Tetkino on the 1991 state border of Ukraine and Russia pic.twitter.com/Dn88MiBPIM
— Malcontent News (@MalcontentmentT) August 16, 2024
1/Combat aviation worked: Oleschuk showed the destruction of enemy bridge crossings in #Kurshchyna
Tactical aviation pilots of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of #Ukraine️, in cooperation with other units of the Defense Forces, successfully destroyed two bridges in the #Kursk… pic.twitter.com/PxUygRAbRc
— Lew Anno Suport#Israel #Ukraine 24/2-22 (@anno1540) August 22, 2024
The pontoon bridges established as workarounds are vulnerable to attack, and Ukrainian FPV drones are damaging irreplaceable bridging equipment.
Kursk day 16 update pic.twitter.com/Au4HnN0bvj
— IgorGirkin (@GirkinGirkin) August 21, 2024
Today we got video proof of that.
One strike on a truck carrying a pontoon and one on the equipment deploying a pontoon in that exact spot I thought it was. https://t.co/Z8N6MWvyrw pic.twitter.com/ZRKxUgK4iO— Def Mon (@DefMon3) August 20, 2024
That could be a disaster for the Russian Army but never count your chickens, etc. Remember, the Russians were able to extricate many more troops than that and their equipment from the right bank of the Dneiper River when they abandoned most of Kherson.
The Russian military is having a hard time reacting to the invasion because most of it is deployed on the front lines in Occupied Ukraine. Some forces are shifting from the main front to the Kursk front. This is not without cost. The movement takes several days and is subject to Ukrainian attack en route. There is significant attrition of wheeled vehicles during the movement.
This might possibly be 56th Guards Air Assault Regiment on their way to reinforce the Kursk direction. pic.twitter.com/HJbUEsjrpS
— Def Mon (@DefMon3) August 22, 2024
Troops moved to Kursk create vulnerabilities and restrict offensive operations on the main front. The Russians are also deploying troops from other services as ad hoc infantry units and using ill-trained conscripts to try to plug holes.
Due to a personnel shortage in the Russian Federation’s ground forces, the Ukrainian Armed Forces’ offensive in the Kursk region is being countered by a temporary motorized rifle regiment of the Aerospace Forces, specially assembled from servicemen across Russia. 2/8
— Giorgi Revishvili (@revishvilig) August 19, 2024
2/ “Go to the forest!”, which helps Russians evade military service, reports that at least 250 conscripts from St. Petersburg and 90 from Moscow were transferred to the ‘counter-terrorist operation’ zone. Kaliningrad, Samara, Irkutsk and Naro-Frominsk are also sending conscripts.
— ChrisO_wiki (@ChrisO_wiki) August 20, 2024
Russia transfers conscript soldiers from Siberia to Kursk Oblast
Anti-war activists report that mothers of conscript soldiers are petitioning and protesting to prevent their sons from being sent to the Kursk Oblast, where fierce fighting is underwayhttps://t.co/WNIO7wJWss
— Euromaidan Press (@EuromaidanPress) August 21, 2024
2/ According to the Russian news outlets ASTRA and ‘Beware, News’, conscripts serving with the 80th Motorised Rifle Division based near Murmansk are being prepared for a “business trip” to the Kursk region.
— ChrisO_wiki (@ChrisO_wiki) August 16, 2024
While the Russians have their problems, so do the Ukrainians. Financial Times has a dubious record in describing issues on the front line and asking low-ranking troops if things suck is guaranteed to get one answer. That said, we know that units deployed in Donbas have been spotted in Kursk. So take this article very guardedly.
“Ukraine has also moved upwards of 10,000 troops, including many of its elite airborne forces and mechanised brigades, from Donetsk and Kharkiv regions, where the fiercest battles are under way, according to officials involved with the operation…
“Officers and infantry troops… https://t.co/YvjXx59S8n pic.twitter.com/rJIsbHICEh
— John Hardie (@JohnH105) August 20, 2024
Close Encounters of the Worst Kind
Ukrainian Kozak vehicle meets two Russian vehicles in the Kursk region, a BMP-3 and a BMP-2, what happens next is the most insane I have ever seen.
The Ukrainian Kozak vehicle backs away after realizing that those aren’t friendly, and the Russian BMP-3 deletes its comrade 😳 pic.twitter.com/VkFPm1EIEy— Kvist.P 🇩🇰🇺🇦 (@kvistp) August 22, 2024
🇺🇲🇺🇦🇷🇺 “We are trying to understand more on how [the Kursk Operation] fits into [Ukraine’s] strategic objectives.”
They have been saying this for 2 weeks now. Absolutely ridiculous talking point. https://t.co/j1WkEUu8yy
— Colby Badhwar 🇨🇦🇬🇧 (@ColbyBadhwar) August 22, 2024
The russians released helicopter guncam footage of them taking out a convoy with guided missiles.
Their own convoy. pic.twitter.com/nrlB3KSVgz
— Seveer of the 95th rifles (@Seveerity) August 14, 2024
When Your Command Post Gets Overrun
Every army has these guys.
With subtitles. https://t.co/LXsWDXCk28 pic.twitter.com/CF7QYbZwC1
— WarTranslated (Dmitri) (@wartranslated) August 14, 2024
Captured Conscripts
Russian POWs from Kursk region.
Some of them appear to be barely 18 years old. pic.twitter.com/SSdrAI2Jff
— Clash Report (@clashreport) August 15, 2024
Ka-52 Down
We haven’t seen this kind of video in several months.
The moment of the downing of a Russian Ka-52 helicopter with MANPADS in the Kursk region last week 💪🇺🇦 pic.twitter.com/5bIICIROuD
— Feher_Junior (@Feher_Junior) August 17, 2024
CIVIL-MILITARY AFFAIRS
Civilian Evacuation Encouraged
Pro-Russian war bloggers are “encouraging” civilians in the districts of Rylsk and Lgov to leave the area. They also add that they do not want to add “panic” to the situation and urge to stay calm, but it is obvious that those are just words. Russian units are not getting things… pic.twitter.com/sV889ZmTT0
— (((Tendar))) (@Tendar) August 18, 2024
The mandatory evacuation in the Kursk region has been expanded to the entire Glushkovsky district. pic.twitter.com/SsdbdmvxSY
— WarTranslated (Dmitri) (@wartranslated) August 14, 2024
OUTLOOK
As it stands right now, Ukraine faces no effective opposition in Kursk. The Russian forces are virtually untrained and poorly equipped, and they are showing no signs of wanting to fight. That could change if Putin decides to pull units out of Occupied Ukraine and ship them to Kursk.
Absent effective opposition, the real question is how far the Ukrainian Army can go before it risks overextending itself.
The big question remains about Ukraine’s intentions. While clearing a buffer zone to prevent Russian artillery strikes on Ukrainian border villages is a good idea, my gut is that Ukraine is devoting more resources than necessary to what could be a minimalist project.
Eventually, the quantity and quality of Russian troops in Kursk will increase. I don’t believe there is an October 1 deadline, but neither do I believe that Putin can just leave Kursk occupied by Ukrainian forces. No matter what he wants to do, he’s going to be forced to move troops from the frontlines in Occupied Ukraine to address the invasion. Perhaps then we’ll get a more definitive understanding of what is happening and why.