Google’s trying to make waves with Gemini, its flagship suite of generative AI models, apps, and services. But what’s Gemini? How can you use it? And how does it stack up to other generative AI tools such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Meta’s Llama, and Microsoft’s Copilot?
To make it easier to keep up with the latest Gemini developments, we’ve put together this handy guide, which we’ll keep updated as new Gemini models, features, and news about Google’s plans for Gemini are released.
What is Gemini?
Gemini is Google’s long-promised, next-gen generative AI model family. Developed by Google’s AI research labs DeepMind and Google Research, it comes in four flavors:
- Gemini Ultra
- Gemini Pro
- Gemini Flash, a speedier, “distilled” version of Pro
- Gemini Nano, two small models: Nano-1 and the slightly more capable Nano-2, which is meant to run offline
All Gemini models were trained to be natively multimodal — that is, able to work with and analyze more than just text. Google says they were pre-trained and fine-tuned on a variety of public, proprietary, and licensed audio, images, and videos; a set of codebases; and text in different languages.
This sets Gemini apart from models such as Google’s own LaMDA, which was trained exclusively on text data. LaMDA can’t understand or generate anything beyond text (e.g., essays, emails, and so on), but that isn’t necessarily the case with Gemini models.
We’ll note here that the ethics and legality of training models on public data, in some cases without the data owners’ knowledge or consent, are murky. Google has an AI indemnification policy to shield certain Google Cloud customers from lawsuits should they face them, but this policy contains carve-outs. Proceed with caution — particularly if you’re intending on using Gemini commercially.
What’s the difference between the Gemini apps and Gemini models?
Gemini is separate and distinct from the Gemini apps on the web and mobile (formerly Bard).
The Gemini apps are clients that connect to various Gemini models and layer a chatbot-like interface on top. Think of them as front ends for Google’s generative AI, analogous to ChatGPT and Anthropic’s Claude family of apps.
Gemini on the web lives here. On Android, the Gemini app replaces the existing Google Assistant app. And on iOS, the Google and Google Search apps serve as that platform’s Gemini clients.
On Android, it also recently became possible to bring up the Gemini overlay on top of any app to ask questions about what’s on the screen (e.g., a YouTube video). Just press and hold a supported smartphone’s power button or say, “Hey Google”; you’ll see the overlay pop up.
Gemini apps can accept images as well as voice commands and text — including files like PDFs and soon videos, either uploaded or imported from Google Drive — and generate images. As you’d expect, conversations with Gemini apps on mobile carry over to Gemini on the web and vice versa if you’re signed in to the same Google Account in both places.
Gemini Advanced
The Gemini apps aren’t the only means of recruiting Gemini models’ assistance with tasks. Slowly but surely, Gemini-imbued features are making their way into staple Google apps and services like Gmail and Google Docs.
To take advantage of most of these, you’ll need the Google One AI Premium Plan. Technically a part of Google One, the AI Premium Plan costs $20 and provides access to Gemini in Google Workspace apps like Docs, Slides, Sheets and Meet. It also enables what Google calls Gemini Advanced, which brings the company’s more sophisticated Gemini models to the Gemini apps.
Gemini Advanced users get extras here and there, too, like priority access to new features, the ability to run and edit Python code directly in Gemini, and a larger “context window.” Gemini Advanced can remember the content of — and reason across — roughly 750,000 words in a conversation (or 1,500 pages of documents). That’s compared to the 24,000 words (or 48 pages) the vanilla Gemini app can handle.
Another Gemini Advanced exclusive is trip planning in Google Search, which creates custom travel itineraries from prompts. Taking into account things like flight times (from emails in a user’s Gmail inbox), meal preferences and information about local attractions (from Google Search and Maps data), as well as the distances between those attractions, Gemini will generate an itinerary that updates automatically to reflect any changes.
Gemini across Google services is also available to corporate customers through two plans, Gemini Business (an add-on for Google Workspace) and Gemini Enterprise. Gemini Business costs as low as $20 per user per month, and Gemini Enterprise — which adds meeting note-taking and translated captions as well as document classification and labeling — is priced at $30 and up per user per month. (Both plans require an annual commitment.)
In Gmail, Gemini lives in a side panel that can write emails and summarize message threads. You’ll find the same panel in Docs, where it helps you write and refine your content and brainstorm new ideas. Gemini in Slides generates slides and custom images. And Gemini in Google Sheets tracks and organizes data, creating tables and formulas.
Gemini’s reach extends to Drive, as well, where it can summarize files and give quick facts about a project. In Meet, meanwhile, Gemini translates captions into additional languages.
Gemini recently came to Google’s Chrome browser in the form of an AI writing tool. You can use it to write something completely new or rewrite existing text; Google says it’ll consider the webpage you’re on to make recommendations.
Elsewhere, you’ll find hints of Gemini in Google’s database products, cloud security tools, app development platforms (including Firebase and Project IDX), as well as apps like Google Photos (where Gemini handles natural language search queries), YouTube (where it helps brainstorm video ideas) and the NotebookLM note-taking assistant.
Code Assist (formerly Duet AI for Developers), Google’s suite of AI-powered assistance tools for code completion and generation, is offloading heavy computational lifting to Gemini. So are Google’s security products underpinned by Gemini, like Gemini in Threat Intelligence, which can analyze large portions of potentially malicious code and let users perform natural language searches for ongoing threats or indicators of compromise.
Gemini extensions and Gems
Announced at Google I/O 2024, Gemini Advanced users can create Gems, custom chatbots powered by Gemini models. Gems can be generated from natural language descriptions — for example, “You’re my running coach. Give me a daily running plan” — and shared with others or kept private.
Gems are available on desktop and mobile in 150 countries and most languages. Eventually, they’ll be able to tap an expanded set of integrations with Google services, including Google Calendar, Tasks, Keep and YouTube Music, to complete custom tasks.
Speaking of integrations, the Gemini apps on the web and mobile can tap into Google services via what Google calls “Gemini extensions.” Gemini today integrates with Google Drive, Gmail and YouTube to respond to queries such as “Could you summarize my last three emails?” Later this year, Gemini will be able to take additional actions with Google Calendar, Keep, Tasks, YouTube Music and Utilities, the Android-exclusive apps that control on-device features like timers and alarms, media controls, the flashlight, volume, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and so on.
Gemini Live in-depth voice chats
A new experience called Gemini Live, exclusive to Gemini Advanced subscribers, allows users to have “in-depth” voice chats with Gemini. It’s available in the Gemini apps on mobile and the Pixel Buds Pro 2, where it can be accessed even when your phone’s locked.
With Gemini Live enabled, you can interrupt Gemini while the chatbot’s speaking (in one of several new voices) to ask a clarifying question, and it’ll adapt to your speech patterns in real time. And sometime later this year, Gemini will be able to see and respond to your surroundings, either via photos or video captured by your smartphones’ cameras.
Live is also designed to serve as a virtual coach of sorts, helping you rehearse for events, brainstorm ideas and so on. For instance, Live can suggest which skills to highlight in an upcoming job or internship interview, and it can give public speaking advice.
You can read our review of Gemini Live here. Spoiler alert: We think the feature has a ways to go before it’s super useful — but it’s early days, admittedly.
Image generation via Imagen 3
Gemini users can generate artwork and images using Google’s built-in Imagen 3 model.
Google says that Imagen 3 can more accurately understand the text prompts that it translates into images versus its predecessor, Imagen 2, and is more “creative and detailed” in its generations. In addition, the model produces fewer artifacts and visual errors (at least according to Google), and is the best Imagen model yet for rendering text.
Back in February, Google was forced to pause Gemini’s ability to generate images of people after users complained of historical inaccuracies. But in August, the company reintroduced people generation for certain users, specifically English-language users signed up for one of Google’s paid Gemini plans (e.g. Gemini Advanced) as part of a pilot program.
Gemini for teens
In June, Google introduced a teen-focused Gemini experience, allowing students to sign up via their Google Workspace for Education school accounts.
The teen-focused Gemini has “additional policies and safeguards,” including a tailored onboarding process and an “AI literacy guide” to (as Google phrases it) “help teens use AI responsibly.” Otherwise, it’s nearly identical to the standard Gemini experience, down to the “double check” feature that looks across the web to see if Gemini’s responses are accurate.
Gemini in smart home devices
A growing number of Google-made devices tap Gemini for enhanced functionality, from the Google TV Streamer to the Pixel 9 and 9 Pro to the newest Nest Learning Thermostat.
On the Google TV Streamer, Gemini uses your preferences to curate content suggestions across your subscriptions and summarize reviews and even whole seasons of TV.
On the latest Nest thermostat (as well as Nest speakers, cameras and smart displays) Gemini will soon bolster Google Assistant’s conversational and analytic capabilities.
Subscribers to Google’s Nest Aware plan later this year will get a preview of new Gemini-powered experiences like AI descriptions for Nest camera footage, natural language video search and recommended automations. Nest cameras will understand what’s happening in real-time video feeds (e.g. when a dog’s digging in the garden), while the companion Google Home app will surface videos and create device automations given a description (e.g. “Did the kids leave their bikes in the driveway?,” “Have my Nest thermostat turn on the heating when I get home from work every Tuesday”).
Also later this year, Google Assistant will get a few upgrades on Nest-branded and other smart home devices to make conversations feel more natural. Improved voices are on the way, in addition to the ability to ask follow-up questions and “[more] easily go back and forth.”
What can the Gemini models do?
Because Gemini models are multimodal, they can perform a range of multimodal tasks, from transcribing speech to captioning images and videos in real time. Many of these capabilities have reached the product stage (as alluded to in the previous section), and Google is promising much more in the not-too-distant future.
Of course, it’s a bit hard to take the company at its word. Google seriously underdelivered with the original Bard launch. More recently, it ruffled feathers with a video purporting to show Gemini’s capabilities that was more or less aspirational — not live.
Also, Google offers no fix for some of the underlying problems with generative AI tech today, like its encoded biases and tendency to make things up (i.e. hallucinate). Neither do its rivals, but it’s something to keep in mind when considering using or paying for Gemini.
Assuming for the purposes of this article that Google is being truthful with its recent claims, here’s what the different tiers of Gemini can do now and what they’ll be able to do once they reach their full potential:
What you can do with Gemini Ultra
Google says that Gemini Ultra — thanks to its multimodality — can be used to help with things like physics homework, solving problems step-by-step on a worksheet and pointing out possible mistakes in already filled-in answers.
Ultra can also be applied to tasks such as identifying scientific papers relevant to a problem, Google says. The model can extract information from several papers, for instance, and update a chart from one by generating the formulas necessary to re-create the chart with more timely data.
Gemini Ultra technically supports image generation. But that capability hasn’t made its way into the productized version of the model yet — perhaps because the mechanism is more complex than how apps such as ChatGPT generate images. Rather than feed prompts to an image generator (like DALL-E 3, in ChatGPT’s case), Gemini outputs images “natively,” without an intermediary step.
Ultra is available as an API through Vertex AI, Google’s fully managed AI dev platform, and AI Studio, Google’s web-based tool for app and platform developers.
Gemini Pro’s capabilities
Google says that Gemini Pro is an improvement over LaMDA in its reasoning, planning and understanding capabilities. The latest version, Gemini 1.5 Pro — which powers the Gemini apps for Gemini Advanced subscribers — exceeds even Ultra’s performance in some areas.
Gemini 1.5 Pro is improved in a number of areas compared with its predecessor, Gemini 1.0 Pro, perhaps most obviously in the amount of data that it can process. Gemini 1.5 Pro can take in up to 1.4 million words, two hours of video or 22 hours of audio, and reason across or answer questions about that data (more or less).
Gemini 1.5 Pro became generally available on Vertex AI and AI Studio in June alongside a feature called code execution, which aims to reduce bugs in code that the model generates by iteratively refining that code over several steps. (Code execution also supports Gemini Flash.)
Within Vertex AI, developers can customize Gemini Pro to specific contexts and use cases via a fine-tuning or “grounding” process. For example, Pro (along with other Gemini models) can be instructed to use data from third-party providers like Moody’s, Thomson Reuters, ZoomInfo and MSCI, or source information from corporate data sets or Google Search instead of its wider knowledge bank. Gemini Pro can also be connected to external, third-party APIs to perform particular actions, like automating a back-office workflow.
AI Studio offers templates for creating structured chat prompts with Pro. Developers can control the model’s creative range and provide examples to give tone and style instructions — and also tune Pro’s safety settings.
Vertex AI Agent Builder lets people build Gemini-powered “agents” within Vertex AI. For example, a company could create an agent that analyzes previous marketing campaigns to understand a brand style, and then apply that knowledge to help generate new ideas consistent with the style.
Gemini Flash is for less demanding work
For less demanding applications, there’s Gemini Flash. The newest version is 1.5 Flash; Gemini app users not subscribed to Gemini Advanced get access to this.
An offshoot of Gemini Pro that’s small and efficient, built for narrow, high-frequency generative AI workloads, Flash is multimodal like Gemini Pro, meaning it can analyze audio, video and images as well as text (but only generate text). Google says that Flash is particularly well-suited for tasks like summarization and chat apps, plus image and video captioning and data extraction from long documents and tables.
Devs using Flash and Pro can optionally leverage context caching, which lets them store large amounts of information (say, a knowledge base or database of research papers) in a cache that Gemini models can quickly and relatively cheaply access. Context caching is an additional fee on top of other Gemini model usage fees, however.
Gemini Nano can run on your phone
Gemini Nano is a much smaller version of the Gemini Pro and Ultra models, and it’s efficient enough to run directly on (some) devices instead of sending the task to a server somewhere. So far, Nano powers a couple of features on the Pixel 8 Pro, Pixel 8, Pixel 9 Pro, Pixel 9 and Samsung Galaxy S24, including Summarize in Recorder and Smart Reply in Gboard.
The Recorder app, which lets users push a button to record and transcribe audio, includes a Gemini-powered summary of recorded conversations, interviews, presentations and other audio snippets. Users get summaries even if they don’t have a signal or Wi-Fi connection — and in a nod to privacy, no data leaves their phone in process.
Nano is also in Gboard, Google’s keyboard replacement. There, it powers a feature called Smart Reply, which helps to suggest the next thing you’ll want to say when having a conversation in a messaging app such as WhatsApp.
In the Google Messages app on supported devices, Nano drives Magic Compose, which can craft messages in styles like “excited,” “formal” and “lyrical.”
Google says that a future version of Android will tap Nano to alert users to potential scams during calls. The new weather app on Pixel phones uses Gemini Nano to generate tailored weather reports. And TalkBack, Google’s accessibility service, employs Nano to create aural descriptions of objects for low-vision and blind users.
How much do the Gemini models cost?
Gemini 1.0 Pro (the first version of Gemini Pro), 1.5 Pro and Flash are available through Google’s Gemini API for building apps and services — all with free options. But the free options impose usage limits and leave out certain features, like context caching and batching.
Gemini models are otherwise pay-as-you-go. Here’s the base pricing — not including add-ons like context caching — as of September 2024:
- Gemini 1.0 Pro: 50 cents per 1 million input tokens, $1.50 per 1 million output tokens
- Gemini 1.5 Pro: $3.50 per 1 million input tokens (for prompts up to 128K tokens) or $7 per 1 million input tokens (for prompts longer than 128K tokens); $10.50 per 1 million output tokens (for prompts up to 128K tokens) or $21.00 per 1 million output tokens (for prompts longer than 128K tokens)
- Gemini 1.5 Flash: 7.5 cents per 1 million input tokens (for prompts up to 128K tokens), 15 cents per 1 million input tokens (for prompts longer than 128K tokens); 30 cents per 1 million output tokens (for prompts up to 128K tokens), 60 cents per 1 million output tokens (for prompts longer than 128K tokens)
Tokens are subdivided bits of raw data, like the syllables “fan,” “tas” and “tic” in the word “fantastic”; 1 million tokens is equivalent to about 700,000 words. Input refers to tokens fed into the model, while output refers to tokens that the model generates.
Ultra pricing has yet to be announced, and Nano is still in early access.
Is Gemini coming to the iPhone?
It might.
Apple has said that it’s in talks to put Gemini and other third-party models to use for a number of features in its Apple Intelligence suite. Following a keynote presentation at WWDC 2024, Apple SVP Craig Federighi confirmed plans to work with models including Gemini, but he didn’t divulge any additional details.
This post was originally published February 16, 2024, and has since been updated to include new information about Gemini and Google’s plans for it.
